Wall charts, history and European Identity

Napoleon and Queen Louise in Tilsit (July 1807) Sovetsk (former Tilsit), 1963 - The picture shows Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) meeting the Queen of Prussia, Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1776-1810) on the 6th of July 1807 in Sovetsk, where Napoleon I stayed during the peace negotiations with the Kingdom of Prussia and Russia. You can see the Queen with dressed in a white silver laced robe. On her right you can see the foreign minister Carl August von Hardenberg, who briefed her prior to the negotiations. Napoleon greets her by taking her hand and pulling of his hat. Unless personally Napoleon and Louise took to each other (as you can see by their gestures and facial expressions) the conditions for the peace treaty of Tilsit on the 9th of July 1807 resulted to be very hard for the Prussian Kingdom.

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The capture of the Royal Charles on the Thames (1667) Medway, 1856 - Although peace talks were well under way in Breda to end the Second Anglo-Dutch War, De Witt rejected a cease-fire offer. As ambassador extraordinary of the States, he sent his brother Cornelis along with Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter to sail up the river Thames in order to destroy the English fleet at Chatham. During this battle, the Raid on the Medway, the ship Royal Charles was captured.

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Arrival of representatives for Amsterdam at the Welna manor (1650) Amsterdam, 1856 - In 1650 ado was made over the division of authority over the troops. Stadtholder William II visited the towns involved to discuss the manner. However, Amsterdam refused to receive the stadtholder. Eventually representatives for Amsterdam, Huydecoper and Van der Does, travelled to the Welna manor on the river Amstel in an armoured yacht to commence negotiations with William Frederick. Amsterdam feared for her merchant interests and yielded, promising to receive the prince with much honour.

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Germany after the Thirty Years War , 1958 - The wall charts shows a map of Germany after the “Peace of Westphalia” (24th of October 1648). Territories of Habsburg, Wittelsbach, Wettin, Hohenzollern, ecclesiastical territories and imperial cities are marked with colours. After the breakup of the Holy Roman Empire the loose confederation of principalities, that means 382 sovereign and semi-sovereign territories, was an important factor of peace in Europe.

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Peace of Münster (1648) Munster, 1856 - The Peace of Münster marked the end of the Eighty Year’s War between the Netherlands and Spain. The king of Spain acknowledged the United Netherlands as free and sovereign countries.

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Death of Frederick Henry (1647) 's-Gravenhage, 1856 - Frederick Henry succeeded his half-brother Maurice of Orange as stadtholder. As army captain he preferred to besiege towns over fighting field-battles. His many successful sieges. Such as ‘s-Hertogenbosch and Breda, earned him the name ‘stedendwinger’ (town forcer). He past away in 1647 after a long sickbed.

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Meeting between Prince Maurice and Spinola (1608) 's-Gravenhage, 1856 - In 1608 a meeting took place between the general Maurice of Orange of the Netherlands and the Spanish general Spinola, in order to negotiate peace. These negotiations led to the Twelve Year Truce.

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Kappeler Milchsuppe (Milk-soup of Kappel) Kappel am Albis, 1961 - The picture shows the so called „milk-soup of Kappel“, the meal that took place in celebration of the First Peace of Kappel (1529), near Kappel am Albis. Setting up a huge wooden tub with milk-soup the infantry of both armies fraternized with each other, just on the borderline between the two cantons. The negotiations between the warring reformed and catholic villages are still going on in the background. But in the foreground the dispute is already settled by sharing the milk soup.

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Louis XI of France meets Charles the Bold in Péronne Péronne, - The picture shows the convention of King Louis XI of France and the Burgundian duke Charles the Bold in Péronne at the Somme River. During this meeting on October 14th, 1468 they signed the peace agreement between France and the and the Dukedom of Burgundy.

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Gutenberg and letterpress printing Mainz, 1972 - The picture shows Johannes Gutenberg who with the invention of mechanical movable type printing introduced modern book printing. You can see Gutenberg in the centre of the picture standing in his medieval workshop (around 1450) showing a freshly imprinted peace of paper with big black letters. In the background his helpmates the different steps of the procedure of printing are depicted.

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Rudolph I of Germany Speyer, 1958 - You can see Rudolph in December 1273 at the Imperial Diet of Speyer, where he induced the return of illegally appropriated goods (the so called policies of revindication). Rudolph took drastic action against the robber barony, in order to ensure general peace. Governors had to retrieve the goods. Probably, these governors are depicted on the scene.

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Henry the Fowler , 1936 - The picture shows Henry the Fowler (876-936), King of East Francia and Duke of Saxony. In the centre of the picture you can see Henry riding his horse. He is not wearing helmet or crown, but only simple clothes and carrying a sword. You can see him in negotiations with Hungarians in front of him, which are distinguished by their helmets and clothes as well as by their dark hair and mustachios. In the background you can see a castle which probably refers to the castles Henry built after the ceasefire with Hungary, in the year 926.

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Claudius Civilis and Cerealis (70 AD) Gelderse IJssel, 1856 - The Batavian Claudius Civilis caused the Batavians to rise up against the Romans. The Roman army was commanded by Cerealis. The armies positioned themselves on either side of the river IJssel. On a demolished bridge the treaty between the two camps is reinstated, as the image displays.

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Caricatures of Bismarck , 1973 - The picture shows four cartoons of Bismarck: Drawn with an oversized spike of a helmet Bismarck is depicted as militarist for whom the constitution means nothing than an impedimental peace of paper. 2. The Prussian helmet, the spiked helmet, symbolizes the power and politics of Bismarck who’s pulling his helmet over the German Kleinstaaterei. 3. Bismarck depicted as pointsman, on who depends if the two trains “Britannia” and “Russia” will collide or not. 4. “Dropping the Pilot”; 75 years old Bismarck is fired by young 31 years-old William II.

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Widukind , 1936 - The picture shows Widukind (also Wittekind), who sparked the war against the Franks in 778 A.C. As leader of the Saxons he fought against Charlemagne, king of the Franks and against the Christian faith until the year 785 A.C., when he agreed to be baptized as part of a peace-treaty. Depicted are Widukind’s troops gathering in front of Widukind’s house and prepared for the battle. They are armored with lances, swords and helmets. In the top right corner of the entrance you can see rightwards angled swastikas, who in former Germanic times did not yet possess any specific political meaning but were symbolized the sun gear or the hammer of Thor.

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17th Century. Thirty-Years War. The raids of Louis XIV , 1937 - The frieze about the 17th Century shows the timeline (1600-1700 A.C.) with the following dates, which are tagged with red and black arrows: 1608/09 A.C. Union-League; 1630 A.C. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden comes to the Protestants’ help; 1632 A.C. Gustavus Adolphus’ victory and death in the battle of Lützen; 1640 A.C. The Great Elector’s accession to power; 1648 The Peace of Westphalia; 1655-1660 A.C. Second Northern War; 1667/68 A.C. French War of Devolution against Spain, 1675 A.C. Battle of Fehrbellin; 1672-1678 The Franco-Dutch War; 1681 A.C. French occupation (“spoils”) of Strasburg; 1683 Siege of Vienna, 1686 A.C. Ofen, Mohàcs, 1688 A.C. Death of the Great Elector; 1688-1697 A.C. Nine Year’s War; 1699 A.C. Peace of Karlowitz.

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German East-Africa: Native village in the coastal area , 1939 - The picture shows a small fruit and vegetable market in the former colonial territory German East Africa (Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda). From 1885 to 1918 German East Africa was the largest colony of the German Empire (1971-1918). Some natives are sitting under a coconut-tree, a white man who is clearly distinguished by his white clothes and hat is passing by. The men’s’ white and red hats (Fes) refer to the Arabic influence in the coastal regions. The group of women sitting on the ground with baskets full of fruits and earthenware jugs produces a peaceful impression. Concerning the Arabic insurrection against the German East Africa Company, cruelly defeated by the German Marine and a mercenary force, the serenity of the scene is excessively optimistic and serene.

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Nordic Thing in the Middle Age , 1932 - The picture shows a folkmoot (Old English „meeting of the people”) according to the old Germanic rules between the year 0 and 500 A.C. All the free members of a tribe or district are gathering on the so called thingstead. The hill nearby is crowded with spectators. In a fenced circle in the foreground, the Elders are negotiating a “thing”. In this case it seems to be a matter of war and peace: Warriors in chain mails and armored with shield and lances mount guard over the thingstead.

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Wall charts, history and European Identity

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