Wall charts, history and European Identity

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Antwerp’ citadel after the capitulation (Chassé House) (1832) Antwerpen, 1856 - Belgium was under Dutch control, but wanted to become independent. The great powers ratified a treaty on May 4th 1832 and decided on a trade embargo against the Netherlands. The French wee allowed to besiege Antwerp in order to pressure King William I to surrender the town.

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De prins van Oranje aan het hoofd van de Nationale Militie bij Quatre-Bras, 16 juni 1815. Quatre-Bras / Nijvel, 1911 - Uit Nederlandsche schoolplaten van J.B. Wolters’uitgevers-maatschappij uit 1927: ‘We zien den jongen Prins aan het hoofd van het 7e Bataljon, een versche troep van wel jonge, maar dappere Hollandsche soldaten optrekken om de Fransche kanonnen, die met dood en verderf dreigen, te veroveren. Wel zag hij in, dat hij, indien dat er niet spoedig versterking kwam opdagen, onmogelijk den ongelijken strijd lang zou kunnen rekken. Zwaaiend met den hoed vuurt hij zijn manschappen aan. Wel moest de Prins ten slotte wijken en op Quatre-Bras terugtrekken, doch er was tijd, veel tijd gewonnen, waardoor de Engelsche troepen gelegenheid kregen zich op het bedreigde punt tegenover het Fransche leger te plaatsen en dat terug te slaan. Aan den Prins en zijn Nationale Militie kwam de eer toe, de Franschen zoo lang te hebben tegengehouden.’ Na de ontsnapping van Napoleon op Elba rukte Napoleon op 1 maart 1815 op naar Parijs. Van hieruit trok hij met een leger door naar het noorden. Diverse legers uit Europa, waaronder Nederland onder leiding van de prins van Oranje (later Willem II) kwamen Frankrijk te hulp. In Quatre Bras ontstonden in juni grote gevechten en uiteindelijk werd Napoleon opnieuw gevangen genomen.

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English and Russian invasion of Noord-Holland (Russian general Herman captured) (1799) Callantsoog, 1856 - A British fleet of over 10.000 men invaded the Netherlands at the beach of Callantsoog on August 27th 1799. In the following weeks the British received reinforcements from mostly Russian troops. Initially the invasion seemed successful: the Batavian fleet surrendered to the English. However, subsequently the English-Russian army was defeated by the French-Batavian troops.

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Self-sacrifice of Hambroek (1662) Formosa, 1856 - Since 1624 the East India Company had established control on Formosa. Under its charge missionaries worked on the Christianization of the indigenous people: amongst them was doctor Antonius Hambroek. On April 30th 1661 Chinese-Japanse warlord Koxinga (Kok seng yâ) invaded the island, whereby Hambroek fell to Chinese hands. Fort Zeelandia remained under Dutch control. Koxinga decided to send Hambroek as a representative to meet with Coyett, commander of the fort, to convince him to surrender. In stead of demanding surrender, Hambroek urged Coyett to persist in battle. Hambroek decided to return to Koxinga, who beheaded him.

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Arrival of representatives for Amsterdam at the Welna manor (1650) Amsterdam, 1856 - In 1650 ado was made over the division of authority over the troops. Stadtholder William II visited the towns involved to discuss the manner. However, Amsterdam refused to receive the stadtholder. Eventually representatives for Amsterdam, Huydecoper and Van der Does, travelled to the Welna manor on the river Amstel in an armoured yacht to commence negotiations with William Frederick. Amsterdam feared for her merchant interests and yielded, promising to receive the prince with much honour.

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Prince Maurice at Geertruidenberg (1593) Geertruidenberg, 1856 - In 1593 Maurice of Orange besieged the town of Geertruidenberg. The town surrendered after a struggle of two months. This victory established Maurice’s fame.

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The arrival of the Earl of Leicester at Vlissingen (1585) Vlissingen, 1856 - After the death of William of Orange the Netherlands were looking for a new army commander to lead the troops. Queen Elisabeth of England offered a new army leader: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. He arrived at Vlissingen in 1585.

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Van der Werff at the Siege of Leiden (1574) Leiden, 1856 - Leiden was besieged and surrounded by Valdez on May 20th 1574. The town had little food supplies. The wall chart displays mayor Van der Werff offering his own body as food. The citizens beg for the town to surrender, which did not happen. Leiden was relieved on October 3rd 1574.

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Jan van Schaffelaar (1482) Barneveld, 1856 - Jan van Schaffelaar was a cavalry captain for the Cods, who conquered the church tower of Barneveld. Hook soldiers besieged the tower. To indicate that the Cod’s would surrender, Van Schaffelaar threw himself of the tower.

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Delft surrenders with a treaty to Albrecht of Bayern (1359) Delft, 1856 - Albrecht of Bayern rose to power after his brother Count Willem V became insane. Part of the citizens (the Cods) disagreed to this and revolted (mostly in Delft). The image shows the people surrendering.

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