Wall charts, history and European Identity

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Louis Napoleon at the ruin of Leyden (1807) Leyden, 1856 - On January 12th 1807 the town centre of Leyden was struck by an explosion. The blast was caused by an explosion on a ship which contained 37.000 pounds of gunpowder. 151 people died and over 200 were wounded. Louis Napoleon showed his compassion for the citizens after the explosion of the cargo ship.

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Departure of William V (1795) Scheveningen, 1856 - The French troops crossed the frozen rivers into the Republic in the winter of 1794-1795. On January 18th 1795 stadtholder William V fled from Scheveningen to England. His flight marked the end of the reign of stadtholders from the line of Orange, as well as the end of the Republic of the United Seven Netherlands and its army. A political turnover began: the Batavian Republic (1795-1806) was proclaimed.

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French Revolution: Louis XVI on the way to his execution Paris, 1955 - The picture shows the Place de la Révolution, today known as Place de la Concorde. On this chart King Louis XVI’s way to his execution by guillotine is depicted. In the center of the picture you can see Louis XVI in a modest linen garment, with bound hands on a carriage. On 11th of December 1792 he was put on the trial before the National Convention. He was sentenced to death because of high treason and crime against the state (la conspiration contre la liberté publique et la sûreté générale de l'État). On the morning of the 21st January 1793 he was guillotined as citizen Louis Capet (referring to Hugo Capet, first ancient of the French ruling dynasty) by hangman Charles-Henri Sanson. Surrounded by the soldiers of the Revolution the depiction of the guillotine in the vanishing point of Louis is oversized. In the foreground of the picture you can only see few citizens, watching the execution. On the left side on of them is waving the tricolor, which first came up during the Revolution and later should become the national flag of France.

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Death of the brothers De Witt (1672) 's-Gravenhage, 1856 - After Johan de Witt’s power was overtaken during the “disaster year” of 1672 and William III was appointed captain of the States army, the opposition to De Witt remained unsatisfied. Therefore, a false charge made against his brother Cornelis who was consequently imprisoned at the Gevangenpoort (prison gate) in The Hague. When Johan visited his brother, both were killed.

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Het Haagsche voorhout in de 17e eeuw. Den Haag, 1911 - Uit Nederlandsche schoolplaten van J.B. Wolters’uitgevers-maatschappij uit 1927: ‘Het Lange Voorhout, gezien uit de richting van de Heulstraat, omstreeks 1668. Links zien we een gedeelte van het huis, dat eenmaal door Johan van Oldenbarneveldt bewoond werd en vervolgens de Kloosterkerk. Aan den Kloostertuin grenst het Pagehuis en verder op ontwaren we de woningen van aanzienlijke Hagenaars. De gebouwen rechts zijn huizen van patriciërs. In het midden de lommerrijke Lindenlaan. De jonge Prins Willem, nog een kind van staat, vergezeld van zijn gouverneur groet den Raadspensionaris Johan de Witt. Naast De Witt zien we een aanzienlijk Haagsch edelman met zijn dame. In het midden op den voorgrond een deftige Franschman met zijn dochtertje. Rechts op den voorgrond een dienstmaagd. De Prins wordt gegroet door een deftig burger, Cornelis Tromp.’

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Van der Werff at the Siege of Leiden (1574) Leiden, 1856 - Leiden was besieged and surrounded by Valdez on May 20th 1574. The town had little food supplies. The wall chart displays mayor Van der Werff offering his own body as food. The citizens beg for the town to surrender, which did not happen. Leiden was relieved on October 3rd 1574.

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German Yeomanries are fighting for their independence , unknown - The picture shows a scene of the German peasants‘war between 1524 and 1526 (Southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland). Beside the peasants also mine workers and urban citizens took part in the revolution against the oppressive authorities. You can see the fight of the peasants against the knights of the seigniors. The peasants are fighting with lances and flails. In the background other peasants are looting and destroying a mill, probably an aristocratic estate. The battlefield is covered with snow; the scene of the depiction is dated to March of the year 1525 – the beginning of the revolts in Leipheim. The peasant troops were combated by the troops of the Swabian confederation. The subtitle of the wall chart is “Lewwer duad üs Slav” (its better to be dead than to be a slave) cites a Frisian slogan, well known as verse of Liliencron’s ballad “Pidder Lüng” (1844) which tells about the revolt of a poor fisherman. Later the slogan was abused by the Nazi-Propaganda as an example for the alleged bravery of the (blonde and blue-eyed) Nordic.

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Delft surrenders with a treaty to Albrecht of Bayern (1359) Delft, 1856 - Albrecht of Bayern rose to power after his brother Count Willem V became insane. Part of the citizens (the Cods) disagreed to this and revolted (mostly in Delft). The image shows the people surrendering.

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Knights and peasants in the German East (13th century) , - The picture shows a scene from the High Middle Ages (12th/ 13th century), when German rulers, knights, monks, peasants, citizens advanced into the East – some of them violently others called by christianized Slavic rulers. You can see people, most of them peasants, arriving at their new homelands and asking the Teutonic Knights for their settlement sites. The knights are wearing white cloaks with a black cross. The peasants who have all their belongings on a covered wagon are standing in front of them. Many of the settlers were attracted by low taxes, hereditary rights to the land and further liberties. After Konrad I of Masowia had called the Teutonic Knights and their Grand Master Hermann of Salza against the heathen Old Prussians, a settlement movement - the so called medieval German settlement into the East (German Ostsiedlung)- began.

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